Popliteal artery

The popliteal artery is a deeply placed continuation of the femoral artery opening in the distal portion of the adductor magnus muscle.

It courses through the popliteal fossa and ends at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, where it branches into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. The deepest (most anterior) structure in the fossa, the popliteal artery runs close to the joint capsule of the knee as it spans the intercondylar fossa.

Five genicular branches of the popliteal artery supply the capsule and ligaments of the knee joint.

The genicular arteries are the superior lateral, superior medial, middle, inferior lateral, and inferior medial genicular arteries.

They participate in the formation of the periarticular genicular anastomosis, a network of vessels surrounding the knee that provides collateral circulation capable of maintaining blood supply to the leg during full knee flexion, which may kink the popliteal artery.